The Impact of Exercises Using Different Resistances on Developing the Explosive Power of the Arms, Some Kinematic Aspects, and the Performance in the 50-Meter Freestyle Swimming Event

Abstract

This research aims to design exercises using different resistances for 50-meter freestyle swimmers and to investigate the impact of these exercises on arm explosive power, momentum transfer between body parts, motion fluidity, and the 50-meter freestyle swimming performance. The experimental method was adopted, involving both an experimental and a control group, with a sample of 11 swimmers deliberately selected using a comprehensive survey method (100%) from the Iraqi national junior swimming team, specializing in the 50-meter freestyle, and actively training for the 2023-2024 season. The participants, aged 15-17 years, were then divided into experimental and control groups. After determining the tests for the dependent variables, training programs were designed to target the main phase of the 50-meter freestyle swimmers' training unit, focusing on out-of-water exercises over a six-week period with five training sessions per week. A variety of training styles were employed, including plyometric and ballistic methods, utilizing high-intensity interval and repetitive training approaches. Various resistances, such as resistance bands, wooden boxes, medicine balls, dumbbells, and barbells, were used. The movements aimed to simulate the arm strokes in the 50-meter freestyle by focusing on eccentric muscle contractions. After the trial, the results were analyzed using the SPSS software. The conclusions and recommendations highlight that exercises using different resistances are suitable for the Iraqi national junior swimming team and contribute to the development of arm explosive power, improve the kinematic aspects of momentum transfer between body parts, enhance motion fluidity, and reduce the 50-meter freestyle completion time. It is crucial to apply the principle of variation in modern sports training to suit the specific needs of athletes, taking into account individual differences by optimally combining resistance training and methods for improving muscle elasticity, which plays a positive role in enhancing the physical performance and achievement of arm movements for 50-meter freestyle swimmers. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).